A Discussion of Assessment and Feedback Issues Essay Example for Free

A Discussion of Assessment and Feedback Issues Essay A discussion of assessment and feedback issues Assessment is an important part of teaching and learning, the most obvious reason for carrying out assessment is to evaluate the students learning/achievement s and whether the student is heading toward the course of qualification. Teaching within NVQ the criteria is laid out for me as a teacher my role is to prepare the students to observe their performances, question them, and use assessment to make a decision as to whether my learners are competent or capable. I must also to ensure that the assessment meets the criteria and objectives of the NVQ qualification. We as the teachers/assessors want to know whether learning outcomes have been achieved, or if the student is of a standard required to pass and achieve the grade /qualification. It also helps me as the tutor up most to help determine the development the student needs during the course. Assessment is also a away to provide information on individual teacher or the institution. For example; are the teaching methods affective, are the learning objectives appropriate- are they too easy or to difficult. Assessment within my teaching domain comprises of different components, performances in the work places, the use of realistic working environment. With NVQ teaching we have specific criteria that must be covered and include skills as well as knowledge, we the assessors have the decision as to how and where the assessment takes place. NVQ level 1-2-3 hairdressing comprises of units which must be cover die, Level 3 consists of 53 credits minimum split into mandatory units -48 credits and optional unit of which is 6 credits to pass and obtain the qualification. Following VTCT/HABIA critia guide lines and assessment work book. VTCT/HABIA strongly advocates a holistic approach for assessment of learners. Examples include using one assessment method to gather evidence for a number of criteria integrating knowledge into practical observation (i. e. through oral or evidenced on analysis sheets i. e. consultation forms). I myself as a teacher of hair and beauty believe in Habia and VTCT Assessment learning and teaching strategies I believe in engaging and exciting the learner whether it means I need to change the way I assess or how I bring my knowledge forward for learners to understand and help them complete their course. I measure the achievements against the standards set out. One of the advantages of NVQs is that the whole area to be tested is set out from the start. NVQ assessment is usually internal or external or a combination of the two. Internal assessment means myself is responsible for devising and marking assessments be it using case study’s which also help develop functional/key skills, observation ,oral ,informal,ect. These then tend to be verified by the centre internal verifier. I myself am required to set work that will improve practical skills knowledge and understanding. It’s my responsibility to guide learners on the evidence that is needed to be gathered to satisfy assessment. Within my course criteria (NVQ) we use formative and summative assessment as the main hold of the course. Unlike summative assessment which relates to assessment of learning, feedback relates to assessment for learning. Assessment 1998: Torrance and Pryor 1998) which helps the learners progress (Black and William We use formative assessment as formal or informal. For assessment to function formatively, the results have to be used to adjust teaching and learning. † (Black and William 1998: pp. -16) With formative assessment we use a range of activitys, case studies, multiple choice test, practical test, projects, questioning alone or within a group. To help students understand the frame work and what is needed we use in NVQ or within my institution mile stones of 13 weeks covering formative summative and mandatory test assessment. I strongly believe in formative a ssessment for the students and me the teacher for my own evaluation as well as theses; it contributes to the learner’s progress provided guidance on how to bridge the gaps to achieve the desired results, we use ILPS to also help within this process. ILPs individual learning plans, we use these to encourage the students also for means of developing their own targets and to motivate and encourage the students learning development. These documents are updated by learner and teacher throughout the course and are used as part of the formal course assessment. Summative assessment is used for grading or within my teaching domain it’s a simple pass or fail. As stated in (Teaching skills in the further and adult education 3rd addition David Minton p 288) progression and new technology. There is no reason why a teaching session in a hairdressing salon should not be video-taped or photo graphed and presented with by the teacher to explain whys/he did what, what happened, what was observed in a group or individual work. It’s a valuable tool for evaluation as well as valid evidence. It can be shared with mentor or other tutor to compare and evaluate work, to review Atcual teaching session also and assessment of students. I myself have used this and found it a good tool to be used. In regards to questions and feed back during assessment, It’s important to be specific on what can be improved and how. Effective feedback tells the student what they have achieved and where they need to improve. Questioning is used not only as a pedagogical tool but also as a deliberate way for myself the teacher to find out what knowledge and understanding the leaner’s have gained, also to helps myself the teacher see how successful my teaching has been and what areas need to be improved . Questioning is fundamental to effective teaching and learning. As stated by ( Fisher amp; Frey 2007) Checking for understanding through questioning should not be thought as a simple two step process but rather as a complex progression as the teacher formulates and then listens to the responses of the learners, IE making them from easy to hard and simplifying them for students own level of learning. Self and peer assessment can also be beneficial in feedback and evaluation on own and peers works. As state many academic teachers still tend to retain all ownership and power in the assessment process (Dorothy spiller teaching development wahonga Feb 2012 assessment matters). Self assessment is used during formative assessment which students reflects and evaluates their own work. Seeing their strengths weaknesses and areas they feel they need to improve, helps set self goals becoming more motivated. Self assessment within my teaching area requires the student to fill out self assessment feedback forms in relation to a practical activities carried out, this help them self –evaluate their work strengths and weaknesses. â€Å"SELF ASSESMENT WITH ITS EMPHASIS ON STUDENT RESPONAIBITIY AND MAKING JUDGMENT IS NECESSARY SKILL FOR LIFE LONG LEARNING â€Å"(Bond, 1995, P. 11,). In the3 same contexts Peer feedback can also be beneficial to individuals or groups of students who are keen to experiment and use new ideas. Peers assessment involving students giving feedback on peers work can help students make sense of gaps in their own work. I see self and peer assessment beneficial where certain points are present. Designed to enhance learning ,involving learners in judging own work, help improve and motivated owns mind and work . Boud, D (1995). Enhancing learning through self-assesment. London:Koger page. Boud, (1995 P. 11. ). (Black and William 1998: pp. 5-16) Douglas Fisheramp; Nancy Frey 2007 www. reading,org questioning. (Teaching skills in the further and adult education 3rd addition David Minton p 288)

The Influence of Mass Media on the Way Political Campaigns are Run Essa

The Influence of Mass Media on the Way Political Campaigns are Run On the Monday when the United States Supreme Court issued its ruling on whether the deadline for certifying votes could be extended in Florida, there was an unsettling sight on TV. News correspondents came flying out of the court and stood, out of breath, before the cameras. Without having read the six-page ruling, reporters began to talk to millions of people about what the court had done. Some reporters got it flat wrong, saying the high court's ruling was in favor of George W. Bush and a defeat for Al Gore. News wire services and several Web sites also incorrectly summarized the court's action. It was only later that the news media corrected itself by reporting that the court had simply sent the case back to the Florida Supreme Court and requested some clarification. Walter Cronkite, the living legend of TV news, has criticized his profession for having too much of an emphasis on getting the news out fast. And the Society of Professional Journalists has criticized the media in the aftermath of these events for failing to act independently in their reporting on the election...so what is the real role of the media in political campaigns? Does it report or influence? INTRODUCTION One of the most important aspects of political elections is its media presentation. This is especially enhanced in the United States where the majority of the people are media thirsty. The important factor that plays on the electoral process is the ability to promote and set the agenda for the candidate. This comes from the outcome they want from their campaigns. Most candidates believe that their policy to promote their agenda at the beginning of the year is never effective because people eventually get tired of watching their faces and their biographies on the media channels and other mass media distribution. Hence, it acts negatively on the psychology of the people. Therefore it is imperative that media must be used in a very contingent manner. Secondly, the image of the candidate presented in mass media is paid therefore they need to be effective. Candidates depend on the office of the campaigner to do this. The media for example gives the power to the candidate to create policy views in a realistic manner that is meant to attract the attention of the viewer. The imagery, the impression and the psycho... ... influence people to believe that the candidates are true to their campaigning. Even if they were losing against the main opponent, they are still willing to fight till the last moment because what they believe is concrete. This creates a ripple effect on the voters, thereby compelling them to make decisions for the candidate. Those who drop out earlier on do not get the benefit of last minute decision-makers. References 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Nichols, STAVE OFF THE PREDICTED LOW: VOTE TODAY. , Capital Times (Madison, WI), 02-16-1999, pp 8A. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lawrence, David. America: The Politics of Diversity. United States: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Masterson, Karen. â€Å"Campaign 2000: Businesses Feel Strains of Political ‘Shakedown’.† The Houston Chronicles. October 19, 2000, Star Edition. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Case Program, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University 1996 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TOM FITZGERALD, AIR WARS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. , The Record (Bergen County, NJ), 02-16-1996, pp a14. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BERTIL HANSON, 'Fixing' Campaign Spending. Vol. 15, The World & I, 03-01-2000, pp 32. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Julia Kindl, Agenda-Setting Function, Last modified: 3/15/00 http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu

Enhancing traffic police performance in Egypt Essay

Vision My vision is that of a public service (traffic police) with a performance culture, client-focused (Public) and results oriented (more organized economy) and to decide and examine its current performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, and according to the current performance situation, we will try to determine the factors that leads to this situation and also the means to recover or maintain such situation. Where are we now? Many pubic servants are unclear about what the overall objectives are and just what is expected of them. Just to concentrate on traffic police performance, lets first explain the meaning of performance. Job performance ( ) is measured as the quantity and quality of tasks accomplished by an individual or group. This definition urges us to know what factors determine individual performance. In answering this question, the following individual performance equation is a good starting point:- Performance = Ability x Support x Effort We have to handle each of the above three elements, to identify the current points of weakness and strength in traffic police performance and determine whether there is a current inefficiency and/or effectiveness or not. First: Ability Ability establishes an individual’s capacity to perform at a high level of accomplishment. By examining this factor on traffic police soldiers and representatives, we may find that many of them lake the appropriate and effective ability to work in police. I believe that many of them are doing their work in a careless way, a way that no one feels responsible toward his work. You can say they are working under pressure and stress of their superior, where, fear and expectation of punishment and insulation is the only dominate on their behavior which in return affect their performance, so they pretend that they are doing their work by checking the car, driving licenses and other traffic regulations but actually there is no concentration and no sense of responsibility control their performance. You can find the way police officers treat their soldiers or subordinates, you will find it a very aggressive way, also you can conclude the reflection of this treatment on their behavior, for sure this treatment has a negative effect on their behavior and attitude toward their work and they will continuously try to do their work in a manner that prevent their officers not to repeat such treatment. Second: Support Every one needs support, even if his work is of high performance, support can be represented in motivation, no stress, encouragement and the most important thing is the person’s feeling that he will be rewarded for this work performance. I would like to give an example for this:- â€Å"Once when I was waiting in traffic sign and before it turned green to pass, at that time I remembered that I have forgotten to lock the seat belt and I found a police representative coming to me to check my driving license and to charge me with a penalty which was EGP 50, I told him that I forgot to lock the seat belt and this was the first time but he pretended that he did not hear to me and started to write a penalty, at that time I hint to him that I will give him EGP 10, actually he caught the money in a certain manner that I am sure that he tried it many times in order not to be seen by his officer or any one else, then I passed by the car without any penalties.† Examples for this kind of behavior are many and actually they are common in traffic police stations as I am Manager of Tax dept. and Car pool section , my subordinates in car pool section who are responsible for making car licenses and its renewal usually come and told me that they pay bribe for the employee who handle the car’s file, the Engineer who make the inspection of the car, the person who is assigned to choose the car number and the metal board, and even the person who hang the metal board on the car. So no one work for his salary that he is being paid at the end of the month. That is what I intend to mean when I said that every one should feel that he is rewarded for his performance so that every one will try to do his best in order to be paid additional income or incentive or bonus to be encouraged to improve his effectiveness in his work. Also there is lack of technology, new technology must be founded in order to assist and support police officers to improve their work performance efficiency. I am sure that you will agree with me when I remembered you with the computer system used in the traffic police station, is it effective? Many times when I go to the traffic police station to renew my car license, I found that the computer system is out of order and I have to stay for an hour or half an hour till its being repaired. Third: Effort Any person should only work in the place he loves, so as to give it the maximum effort he can, this means that traffic police officers, representatives and soldiers as well must believe in the job they do and should recognize that they work in a so critical area that no exception, no cautions can be applied in its regulations. Once the person believes in that, he will exert as much effort as he can in order to perform effectively and efficiently. Through the above, do you determine now where we are? Using an expired license for two years, during which the traffic police checked it 6 times and returned it back without taking any regulatory procedure, for sure there is lake of ability as the police working while they are not working indeed so they are not effective, also there was lake of support as they are not feel satisfaction that they should be provided and supported by their work so that they are performing ineffective. Finally there was lake of effort as they do not believe in the objective of the work they do to exert effort for it so their performance is inefficient. What is expected in the future? I think that the first step in the improvement process is the selection of right people, as any organization’s success is ultimately determined by the quality of its workforce, the right people not only can execute the tasks needed to achieve the organization’s objective, they also are a product of and are motivated by the supporting people who provide clear regulations and instruction and maintain gentle relation and communication with the whole workforce, in addition to compensation and reward according to the work performance. The most important change that I hope to be effected in the future is the launch of new technology in the traffic police system, which I think it will reflect remarkable advancements in the efficiency and increased productivity to provide more traffic law enforcement with the same staff and at less inconvenience to the public. Virtual Partner: A Mobile technology Solution A new technology used by Delray Beach Police Department, Virtual Partner is an efficient, timesaving, easy-to-use application that increases efficiency and productivity in several areas. The software was designed and developed by those who stood to benefit the most from the technology, the police officers themselves. These officers, in their quest, exceeded the boundaries  of ordinary operations by developing a technology that has incredible output in terms of efficiency, adaptability, productivity, and ease, at nominal cost. The Virtual Partner application consists of four program components. The automated response system provides quick responses to queries made by officers to the National Criminal information Center (NCIC) and the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV). Ever mindful of officer safety, the developers included a voice response function that verbally relays information in response to queries entered by the officers. In terms of officer safety, Delray Beach feels the voice response capability was a major breakthrough. Using voice response, an officer can remain focused on the offender and the offender’s vehicle without looking at a computer screen, thereby increasing the officer’s safety and eliminating distractions. The voice response provides the officer with specific information needed such as tag and driver’s license status as well as color, make and model of the vehicle. The officers also customized the program to their needs so that it would eliminate unnecessary information and only relay pertinent information requested by the officers. The program confirms warrant hits by signaling the officer with an audible alert tone. The program verbally relays back case numbers, dispatch time, and other requests made by the officer, as well as gate codes to any of the secured gated-communities. The system is also equipped with a two dimensional barcode capability that reads the driver’s license information on licenses from other states that have a magnetic strip for so-called swipe capability. The information generated from any of these inquires can be automatically entered onto forms commonly used by police officers. The capability of the program continued to develop after the officers determined the utility and performance they needed from technology. Through their efforts, several components to the system have been engineered that unequivocally changed Delray Beach’s technology from a hindrance to an asset. Also it’s a very important tool needed to enhance the performance effectiveness of traffic police, Traffic Police organization should develop a quality control system for traffic information dissemination to the public. Currently, there is no organized way of monitoring the accuracy of information disseminated to the public. Development of a quality control system will require the following:- 1. Identification of all types of information being disseminated, the source of each type of information, and the means of dissemination. 2. Establishment of procedures for checking the accuracy of each type of information. 3. Establishment of policies regarding the frequency with which information is to be verified. 4. Identification of personnel to monitor information quality. The way by which the information is delivered to the public is very important to think of, and give it the priority, as people needs to aware of what they usually forget as a result of occupation in their life needs.

The significance of Disability Anti-Discrimination Laws - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1428 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? DISABILITY ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWS 1 There is a great deal of evidence that people are supporting anti-discrimination legislations in the United Kingdom. This evidence emanates from the support that comes from the trade unions, such as the trade union congress, and other organizations which aim at supporting the disabled people within the society. There is no way that denying equal opportunity to the disabled people can be morally justified[1]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The significance of Disability Anti-Discrimination Laws" essay for you Create order This is against the principles of International Human Rights which advocate for equality in regard to an access of resources, and opportunities to all people, regardless of their gender, race, religion, sexual orientation and physique. Initiating anti-discriminatory laws against the disabled is a trend that most western and democratic countries are following. This includes countries such as Canada, United States, Australia, and even New Zealand. It is the responsibility of the government to initiate laws and legislations whose main aim is to protect the disabled people within the society. This was a resolution adopted in 2008 by the United Nations program on actions concerning the disabled people. The aim of this resolution was to help the disabled people achieve their full potential, and recognize the right of all human beings to receive equal treatment, irrespective of their gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, etc. Based on these United Nations resolutions and the need t o promote equality of all people within the United Kingdom, the passage of disability anti-discriminatory laws was necessary[2]. One of the legislations that changed the manner, in which disabled people were treated in the UK, is the 1970 Disabled and Chronically Sick Person Act[3]. This law allowed disabled people a right to the equal access of educational and recreational opportunities. Under this law, it was the responsibility of local authorities to ensure that disabled people are not discriminated upon when it came to accessing social and recreational facilities. These local authorities had the duty and the role of providing some special educational needs to children with disability, and this included the deaf, and the blind[4]. This act also made it mandatory for local authorities to create special parking areas, and sanitary facilities that people with disability could use. This law had a very positive effect on the lives of the disabled people. This is because they wer e able to easily access a variety of services from the government, and other local and private institutions[5]. On this basis, the living conditions of their lives changed, when compared to the way in which the disabled people lived during the periods of 1939-1945. It is important to denote that during this period of 1935 to 1945, the disabled were unable to get an access to quality medical, education and employment opportunities[6]. The Seebohm report of 1968 recognized the need of improving the living conditions of the disabled. This was after an investigation by Seebohm Rowntree on the social status of people with disability and the poor in England. The report denoted that these people lived in very pathetic conditions and most of them were poor. On this basis, there was a need of introducing laws that would protect them. In 1995, parliament passed the disability discrimination act[7]. This law was established for purposes of fighting discrimination of the disabled, and ensuri ng that they are included in the social, economic, and political development of the United Kingdom. In 2005, the Disability Act of 1995 was amended and it placed an obligation to all public authorities to act in a manner that will create equality of opportunity between people living with disability, and people who are not living with disability. This act also requires all public officials and authorities to act in a manner that will eliminate discrimination and harassment of the disabled because of their disabilities. A case in point is the 2004 case involving Paul vs. the National Probation Service. In this case, the national probation service was unable to initiate policies aimed at fighting the discrimination of disabled people. Paul was a chronically depressed individual, but the national probation service refused to hire him[8]. They also failed to carry out an investigation on the level of his chronic illness and whether he had the capability to carry out the assigned dutie s. The employment tribunal ruled that the employer was liable of discriminating against a disabled person, and failing to initiate measures aimed at protecting the disabled[9]. Another case is the Archibald vs. the Fife Council. In this case, Mrs. Archibald was unable to walk because of complications in surgery. The council gave her the roles of an office worker, removing her from the sweeping job. When she tried to apply for a promotion, she was unable to get one[10]. This is because the job entailed one to engage in competitive interviews. However, no reasonable adjustments were made by the council to accommodate the interests of Mrs. Archibald. The House of Lords allowed the appeal and denoted that the council was discriminating against her, because they did not make any reasonable adjustments to accommodate her interests[11]. The aims of these disability discrimination laws is to promote and encourage the participation of the disabled in all spheres of their lives, which i ncludes political, economic, and social spheres of their lives. In 2001, based on the need of promoting equity in education, the parliament enacted the 2001 Disability and Special Education Needs Act[12]. This was an extension of the Disability Discrimination Act of 1995, and it highlights virtually all areas of education. This law makes it a crime for school institutions to deny a disabled person education based on his physical incapability[13]. The main purpose of this law is to make sure that disabled people are able to access the same quality of education, like that of their counter-parts who are not disabled. This law manages to explain the various functions and duties of disability bodies[14]. It also explains how these institutions will conduct their affairs for purposes of protecting the disabled people within the society. However, it is important to denote that the Disability and Special Needs Education Act only deals with the methods of avoiding unlawful discrimination of students with disability. In conclusion, the main disability anti-discrimination law in the United Kingdom is the disability discrimination act of 1995. In as much as this law has passed through a series of amendments over the years, it gives people with disability equal rights in areas such as employment, education, access to social facilities, and right of services from government institutions. It is important to denote that currently, the UK uses the equality act as its main anti-discrimination law. It has virtually all the provisions that are contained in the 1995 disability discrimination act. These legislations are necessary and appropriate because they help to promote equitable distribution of resources. Bibliography: Julie Anderson, War, disability and rehabilitation in Britain: soul of a nation.( Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011). Samuel Bagenstos, Disability rights law: cases and materials. (New York: Foundation Press :, 2010). Ruth Col ker, Milani Adam, and Bonnie P. Tucker. Federal disability law in a nutshell. (4th ed. St. Paul, Minn.: West/Thomson, 2010).. Andrease Dimopoulos, Issues in human rights protection of intellectually disabled persons ( Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010). . Justin Healey, Disability rights and awareness. (Thirroul, N.S.W.: The Spinney Press, 2010). James Holland,. Employment law 2012. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012). James Holland, Employment law 2013. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013). . Uma Kukathas, Disability rights. (Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010). Susan Schweik, The ugly laws: disability in public. (New York: New York University Press, 2009). John Vaughn, A comparative analysis of disability laws. (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010). [1] Susan Schweik, The ugly laws: disability in public. (New York: New York University Press, 2009), p. 31. [2] Samuel Bagenstos, Disability rights law: cases and materials. (New York: Foundation Press :, 2010), p. 51. [3] Julie Anderson, War, disability and rehabilitation in Britain: soul of a nation.( Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011), p. 22. [4] Susan Schweik, The ugly laws: disability in public. (New York: New York University Press, 2009), p. 33. [5] Julie Anderson, War, disability and rehabilitation in Britain: soul of a nation.( Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011), p. 26. [6] Ruth Colker, Milani Adam, and Bonnie P. Tucker. Federal disability law in a nutshell. (4th ed. St. Paul, Minn.: West/Thomson, 2010), p. 61. [7] Andrease Dimopoulos, Issues in human rights protection of intellectually disabled persons ( Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010), p. 42. [8] James Holland,. Employment law 2012. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 51. [9] Uma Kukathas, Disability rights. (Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010), p. 31. [10] James Holland, Employment law 2013. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 15. [11] Justin Healey, Disability rights and awareness. (Thirroul, N.S.W.: The Spinney Press, 2010), p, 29. [12] James Holland, Employment law 2013. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 17. [13] Julie Anderson, War, disability and rehabilitation in Britain: soul of a nation.( Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011), p. 52. [14] John Vaughn, A comparative analysis of disability laws. (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010), p. 57.