“Glory and Hope” by Nelson Mandela Analysis Essay

Nelson Mandela gave a speech at his inauguration as president of the Democratic Republic of South Africa on May 10, 1994. His speech is named â€Å"Glory and Hope†, which hints at the content of it. In â€Å"Glory and Hope†, Nelson Mandela expresses his gratitude towards those who had aided them thus far and reminds everybody of the hardships they suffered, their successes, and their goals for the future. Mandela also tries to communicate the message that cooperation had brought them hope and to their glory and hopes to continue to do so. He conveys his appreciation and message through his word choice, tone, sentence structure, and use of rhetorical devices. Nelson Mandela’s word choice helps him convey his gratitude towards the audience and message that they must continue to work together to build and better society. He begins by addressing his audience with â€Å"Your Majesties, Your Highnesses, Distinguished Guests, Comrades and Friends†. His audience c omprised kings, queens, important government officials, and so on. However, through his word choice, Mandela is able to bring a sense of belonging and togetherness, regardless of their race, age, gender, and position. He uses words like â€Å"compatriots†, â€Å"we†, and â€Å"us†, making the audience feel and realize that they are all human beings and therefore equals in such a sense. Mandela uses tone and sentence structure to communicate his main message and express how thankful he is. His tone is appreciative, formal, hopeful, and passionate. Mandela constantly expresses his thanks to those who aided them. Near the end of the speech, he is also hopeful and passionate about their newfound freedom, equality, and democratic government. Mandela says â€Å"We are both humbled and elevated by the honour and privilege that you, the people of South Africa, have bestowed on us, as the first President of a united, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist South Africa, to lead our country of the valley of darkness.† While Mandela’s tone is appreciative, hopeful, and passionate, he is also able to keep his speech formal. In addition to tone, Mandela’s sentence structure contributes to both tone and conveying his message. He uses lengthy sentences with occasional short and clipped sentences to emphasize a certain point. Mandela says â€Å"The time for the healing of wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come. The time to build is upon us.†

The Impact of Family Relationships in “the Story of an Hour” & “the Yellow Wallpaper”

Family relationships, especially involving spouses can create difficulties and challenges for one or the other, in-turn could create an impact in their relationship. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are short stories centralized on the view of two married women, the challenges they endure in their relationships and coping with their spouse. Women wanting to have freedom, having to deal with an illness and their position in the household can create such challenges for spouses. Freedom to women means to be treated as an equal to their spouse, to avoid being controlled with every aspect of their lives. In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of and Hour and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper, both have a setting in the same era of men being dominant over their spouse. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the protagonist Mrs. Mallard kept whispering to herself upon hearing the passing of her husband; â€Å"†¦she said it over and over under her breath: Free, free, free! † (Chopin 2) and â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! † (Chopin 3). In my point of view those feelings that Mrs. Mallard felt at that moment was finally being let go from her husband’s grasp and the shackles of marriage which was an imprisonment to her. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the narrator of the story was remained nameless is confined in a room with eccentric wallpaper, which I think seems to symbolize the complexity and confusion in her life. The narrator’s freedom in this case would be writing, which did not sit well with her husband based on this quote; â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away – he hates to have me write a word† (Gilman 57). For those moments the narrator writes in her journal she feels to have freedom and to express herself from reality, but in secret. The way the narrator describes her room as; â€Å"it is a big, airy room, the whole floor nearly, with windows that look all ways, and air and sunshine galore†¦I should judge, for the windows, are barred for little children and there are rings and things in the walls† (Gilman 56). This portrayal of the room could be described as confinement for the narrator, and a sense feeling trapped. In both short stories, the main characters, Mrs. Mallard and the narrator have or ended up developing some sort of illness while in their marriages which can create difficulties in their relationship. In â€Å"Story of an Hour† it was stated Mrs. Mallard was â€Å"affiliated with heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death† (Chopin 1). According to the facts provided in the short story there was no hint or confirmation that she had this condition since her childhood, so objectively speaking, assumptions could be made such as Mrs. Mallard developing the illness over the course of her marriage. In â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper†, the narrator is mentally ill and with the advice of her husband, a physician advises her that nothing is wrong, according to the this quote â€Å"†¦you see, he does not believe I am sick†¦if a physician of high standing and one’s own husband assures friends and relatives that there is nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression – a slight hysterical tendency† (Gilman 55). For that fact, the husband advises her to be confined in a room, and stating her disapproval, she would say her husband â€Å"would not hear of it† (Gilman 56). As time went by in her room, she looks to have developed fascination with the wallpaper in the room, which she also disliked, using her imagination. Every aspect of the wallpaper was analyzed with thoughts such as â€Å"This paper looks to me as if it knew what a vicious influence it had† (Gilman 59) and â€Å"The faint figure behind seemed to shake the pattern, just as if she wanted to get out† (Gilman 63). These facts could be assumed that she was starting to get mentally unstable being imprisoned, with her spouse not willing to help her; a mental illness was present. The 18th century is known for husband’s being the dominant gender whereas their spouse is looked upon as â€Å"fragile† while their thoughts and suggestions being ignored. The husband’s duty would be that they are the income earners whereas the wife would preform her duties as what a typical wife would do during that era; run the household. Women would want to speak up but are afraid that it would show disrespect and as time goes on would eventually lead to resentment. In â€Å"Story of an Hour† Mrs. Mallard was hearing the news of her husband’s passing, upon receiving it, she would have such joy inside her which led to her death; â€Å"when the doctor’s came they said she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills† (Chopin 4). The story doesn’t elaborate the details of her marriage, only in the present, assumptions could be made how Mrs. Millard’s marriage was as a woman in the 18th century, and especially with the reaction she had upon hearing the news. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the narrator’s husband was the main income earner with a â€Å"high standing position† (Gilman 55), while the wife was home. A quote said by the husband was â€Å"what is it little girl? He asked. Don’t go walking about like that – you’ll get cold† (Gilman 63). The fact provided in my view is that the husband doesn’t see the narrator as his wife, but as a child. As time would go it would seem like the narrator would have resentment towards the husband, even though he is doing no harm such as â€Å" he is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction† (Gilman 56). In the end, she would say â€Å"I’ve got out at last, said I, in spite of you and Jane. And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back! † (Gilman 70). The fact would assume that she was able to free herself from him and would rip the paper off in spite of her husband, which would show hate. In conclusion, in the two short stories, â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, have two women in the same era enduring difficulties and challenges with spouses. Women wanting to have freedom, being treated as equals, developing or encountering an illness and the position in the household would lead to challenges and in can have an impact on their relationship. Chopin, K. â€Å"The Story of an Hour. † The Mercury Reader: A Custom Publication. Comp. M. Rubens. Toronto: Pearson Custom Publications, 2006. 1-4. Gilman, C. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. † The Mercury Reader: A Custom Publication. Comp. M. Rubens. Toronto: Pearson Custom Publications, 2006. 54-70.

Pros and Cons of Mobile Phones Essay

Mobile phones have become a hot commodity and have turned into a social norm. The introduction of smart phones has affected the way in which mobile phones are used and by whom. Due to mobile media, we are now able to communicate for free, watch movies on our phones, listen to music on the go and be currently updated with the latest news – all this information at the edge of our fingertips. However, this advancement in social media and technology has affected our values and culture, some good and some bad. Researchers and scientists have coined the term Mobilology, which is the study of mobile phones and how they affect human behavior, culture, education and economics. Mobile phones have altered social norms and values, and cultural progression. They have made communication easy by enabling us decreased face to face interaction and meetings. Communication has become more impersonal, which contradicts the very use of communication (Rani, 2008). Children that grow up surrounded by mobile phones will eventually get used to impersonal communication and in the future, might find it hard to deal with simple day to day interaction (Rani). Rani also stated how the Short Messaging Service has redefined communication in a sense that what constitutes for communication these days is a few words typed and sent to one or many recipients without emotion and verbal cues. Aside from making interactions between people less personal, SMS has also affected the written form of English language in which children now use. Mobile phones have also led to the birth of a generation that prefer being alone, glued to their phones and being extremely introverted (Rani, 2008). In our society currently, phones have become such a common device that most people feel exposed and isolated, feeling as if we are no longer able to communicate (Rogers, 2008). The art of conversation has become mobile, making mobile phones the lifeline to the outside world. Waiting and pesky overseas charges no longer apply as with the development of the Internet, there are now many applications that can be downloaded into the mobile phone to allow communication with people from all over the world. Calls and messages can now be sent for free, and all anyone needs is a wi-fi connection, and perhaps some of us treasure this connection more than we do with connections with our friends and family. Mobile technology has paved a pathway to a society that’s always ‘on’ (Rani, 2008). Anyone is easily reachable at any time of day and place through their cell phones. The whole world, with over 7 billion people can connect to one another with just a flick of the finger or the keying in of numbers. Rani also wrote that this tool can come in handy during emergencies, as a person is able to get help at all times of day and night – probably saving his or her life. However, the use of mobile phones at inappropriate times for example while driving, in the cinema or in class has brought about some unwanted and unethical consequences. Read more: Uses and Misuses of Mobile Phones Driving while using mobile phones has led to many cases of accidents and car crashes. Multitasking can prove to be quite a task, and not always an easy one – resulting in the driver not being able to concentrate on the road (Rani). Although there are many laws in most countries against talking on phones while controlling a vehicle, there are many of us who take this lightly and break it with ease. The social norms in classrooms have changed with the use of mobile phones. Students are sometimes more pre-occupied with the little screens on their fancy gadgets as opposed to doing what they are actually in school for – to learn (MIT Communications Forum, 2005). 41% of students say that the usage of phones in class to check messages should be allowed and only a 7% feel it is highly inappropriate to use phones in class at all while the teacher is conducting a class (MIT Communications Forum). Next, the MIT Communications Forum also brought up the issue that the usage of cell phones in cinemas, museums, public transports and restaurants has a very thin line between being appropriate and inappropriate. This new culture of talking loudly on the phone in public places disrupts others who come to and particular venue to enjoy a quiet night out or to watch a movie in peace. Although there are no rules in black and white that prohibit the use of cell phones in these places, it comes without saying that these invisible ethical laws ought to be respected and obeyed. In conclusion, we can see how mobile phones have changed our cultures in both good and bad ways. Although these devices have brought people from different parts of the world closer together, it does not mean it has not failed to alienate the people closest to us. As useful as mobile phones are, it is important to use them accordingly and not make them our lifeline to the outside world. Communication consists of verbal and non-verbal cues and this is what makes us feel close to one another, and measures should be taken to ensure this does not stop. Rogers, N. (2008). How mobile phones have affected the art of conversation. Helium. Retrieved from http://www.helium.com/items/1002068-how-mobile-phones-have-affected-the-art-of-conversation Rani, B. (2008). Culture and Social Impact of Mobile Technology. BrightHub. Retrieved from http://www.brighthub.com/computing/windows-platform/articles/15230.aspx Katz, J., & Wang, J. (2005). Cell Phone Culture. MIT Communications Forum. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/forums/cell_phone_culture.htm

Water Pollution in the Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf) Article

Water Pollution in the Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf) - Article Example Also the three tankers of crude oil were poured in the Kuwait’s port of Mina Al-Ahmadi as a result of the infiltration of combats engaged in Gulf War. This oil spill of 1991 is referred as the largest incident in the history ever owing to the magnitude of its consequences . The Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf), located between the Iran and Arabian Peninsula, holds considerable geographic and economic significance. One of its prime significances exhibits it to be listed among the top ranked hydrocarbon reserves of the world. This gulf region is often regarded as one of the prime locations for the extraction of oil and planned waterways in the world. The area is rich in water resources and is driven by various gradients. The water of normal salinity enters through different water surfaces into the Arabian Gulf nurturing unique bio diversity in the water region. Before the occurrence of this incident, the water of the Arabian Gulf was considered to have the highest evaporation rate in comparison to the other water sources in the world, adding to its ecological significance .For instance, the oil spill accident of 1991 created severe water pollution along the coastal areas due to which, not only the marine life but also the health of the population was witnessed to be obstructed. It was estimated by the experts that around 700 oil wells were destroyed and set on fire by the Iraqi soldiers . 3. The crude oil and large quantity of petroleum products were released in the water due to the oil spill, which affected the marine life causing water pollution and also created serious hazards in respect to human health. The tidal currents in the sea further carried the crude oil towards the coast of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States affecting the life of many marine birds, which to an extent, also obstructed the free flow of the biological system on the land close to the coastal areas. Around 30000 marine birds were killed due to the crude oil exposure in the Gulf. It was al so observed that about 20% of mangroves and 50% of coral reefs were affected due to water pollution caused by the oil spill accident that had a strong adverse effect on the eco system of the region. The most affected areas because of the oil spill were the northern coast of Saudi Arabia and the Bay of Kuwait4. The discussion henceforth thus focuses on the consequences of the oil spill in those areas and the steps taken by the government in the mitigation process of the pollution caused from the incident from a critical perspective. Consequences of Oil Spill on Marine Life around Arabian Gulf Components of the Gulf Coast Oil Spill Crude oil contains many harmful toxic components, which are capable of affecting the marine life causing water pollution and thus, in turn leads to deteriorating human health. Likewise, the oil spill in t

Criminal Justice Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminal Justice Bachelor - Essay Example 7. He retained the wallet until he returned home from school for lunch that afternoon. 8. At that time he gave the wallet to his father, a white male aged 40. 9. The father went to the victim's apartment at 2:50 p.m. and gave the wallet to the victim's mother. 10. When the mother called the day care center to inform her daughter about the wallet, she learned that her daughter had not appeared for work that morning. 11. The mother, the victim's sister, and a neighbor began a search of the building and discovered the body. 12. The neighbor called the police. Police at the scene found no witnesses who saw the victim after she left her apartment that morning. No one heard any screams. B. Forensic Examination 1. The medical examiners report was important in determining the extend of the wounds, as well as how the victim was assaulted and whether evidence of sexual assault was present or absent. 2. No semen was noted in the vagina, but semen was found on the body. 3. It appeared the murderer stood directly over the victim and masturbated. 4. There were visible bite marks on the victim's thighs and knee area. He cut off her nipples with a knife after she was dead and wrote on the body. 5. Cause of death was strangulation, first manual, then ligature, with the strap of her purse. 6. There were no deep stab wounds. 7. The killer used the victim's belts to tie her right arm and right leg but apparently had untied them in order to position the body before he left. C. Evidence present that belonged to the offender 1. Umbrella, inkpen and a hair comb 2. Semen 3. Feces D. What evidence was not present 1. Blunt force object the killed the victim 2. The Chi charm and chain 3. Victims purse E. Typology of the Crime. - 1....Focusing on the physical attributes of offenders, their criminal histories, and criminal motivations, Ferri (1917) identified five types ofcriminals: 3. Other researchers have developed typologies and classification systems that derive from offenders' personal attributes. For example, Sheldon (1949) classified individuals according to their body physique-endomorphic, mesomorphic, or ectomorphic. The major assumption underlying this approach is that there is a strong association between physique and temperament, with mesomorphic body builds linked with a higher likelihood of aggressive and criminal behavior. 5. Offender classifications based on mental disorders and personality traits have been the mainstay of clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. From this perspective, criminal typologies have been associated with the identification of single personality traits and groups of traits. Clinical labels like "impulsive," "antisocial," "neurotic," and "psychotic," are often used to distinguish differences within and between types of offenders. 7. The crime's style is a single homicide. The murderer's intent was to slowly destroy a handicapped Jewish girl. He is biased against Jews because he ripped off the chi. And while he ripped off the chi, he had no desire to actually touch the victim.

Warehousing and Inventory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Warehousing and Inventory Management - Essay Example Proper inventory management helps increase operational efficiency across businesses, improve customer service, and reduce inventory & distribution costs. The inventory management system and inventory control process provide information to manage the flow of materials efficiently, utilize people and equipment effectively, co-ordinate internal activities, and communicate with customers. Inventory management does not make decisions or manage operations; they provide information to managers who make more accurate and timely decisions to manage their operations. Inventory management must be designed to meet the dictates of the market place and support the company’s strategic plan. The inventory management approach should be updated according to the changes in market demand, new opportunities due to world wide marketing, global sourcing of materials, and new manufacturing technologies. According to Smith (1998 ), the primary finite resource of a warehouse is space. The planning of this key physical factor is very important for the operating efficiency of the warehouse. To meet the objectives of warehouse, proper planning of warehouse space and layout requirements is imperative. The most important functions of a warehouse occur on the receiving and shipping docks where the control of merchandise is transferred, whether products are brought into the warehouse or taken from it. An important prerequisite of efficient, safe and accurate receiving and shipping activities is enough space in which to perform them. Let us review the following critical factors for determining warehouse space and layout planning: i) Staging Area: - The majority of warehouses require a staging area directly behind the dock maneuvering aisle. The staging area for receiving acts as an immediate depository for materials unloaded from the carrier. This area serves as an accumulation point for the merchandise that

Banking and Insurance Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Banking and Insurance Law - Essay Example Letters of Credit (LCs) is an instrument of maritime trade which has long been acclaimed as the nerve center of international trade. LCs are not "contracts" or "surety ship obligations" or "negotiable instruments" or an "agency agreements", but separate independent obligations to be interpreted on their own terms and conditions without reference to any other documents. ... or non-performance; transfer, assignment and back-to-back LCs; wrongful dishonor and anticipatory repudiation of it etc.UCPDC have technical rounded-up the standardized procedures and definitions on types of credit, teletransmitted and pre-advised credits, standard for examination of documents, discrepant documents and notice, disclaimer on effectiveness of documents, disclaimer on the transmission of messages, Force Majeure, bank-to-bank reimbursement arrangements, ambiguity as to the issuers of documents, unspecified, issuers or contents of documents, issuance date of documents v. credit date, Marine/Ocean Bill of Lading, Non-Negotiable Sea Waybill, Charter Party Bill of Lading, Multimodal Transport Document, Air Transport Document, Road, Rail or Inland Waterway Transport Documents, Courier and Post Receipts, Transport Documents Issued by Freight Forwarders, 'On Deck', 'Shipper's Load and Count', Name of Consignor, Clean Transport Documents, Freight Payable/Prepaid Transport Documents, Insurance Documents, Type of Insurance Cover, Commercial Invoices etc (UCPDC 500, 1993).In fact complete codified instructions on documentary credits can be had only through joint readings of the UCPDC and universal commercial codes (UCC). Despite the support of uniformity and standardization provided by provisions of UCPDC and UCC disputed transactions have grown multifold in maritime trade. Some of these disputes were genuine trade disputes and could be resolved by fulfillment of deficiencies whereas a good number of them were categorized as trade malpractices with the primary objective of defrauding the other part(ies).It is the latter category of documentary credit transactions which forms the focus of this paper and the general leeway given to fraudulent parties by English

Safer Staffing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Safer Staffing - Essay Example The audience intended by the source are people who want to start new businesses or learn how to start. The source is credible because it offers practical strategies to form new businesses. The authors in this source are experienced in business planning. In this source, they provide advice on how one can develop a business plan fast but in an effective manner. This source is intended for all persons who want to know how to develop successful business plans but in a fast way. The source is credible because it offers practical information and examples The authors in this source have written extensively on issues of business startups. In this source, the authors address issues of researching, writing up and presenting a winning business plan. The audience intended in this source is the people who would like to know how to establish businesses and also those who want to write successful business plans for exams or for businesses. The source is credible because it offers practical and current information on business planning. Blackwell is an experienced author in business planning. In this source, he offers advice on the simple steps one can follow to produce a good business plan. The audience intended by the source is the people who would like to understand every step of developing business plans. The source is credible because it is a current source and offers practical steps to follow in developing business plans. Brandt, J. A., Edwards, D. R., Sullivan, S. C., Zehler, J. K., Grinder, S., Scott, K. J., ... & Maddox, K. L. (2009). An evidence-based business planning process. Journal of Nursing Administration, 39(12), 511-513. The authors in this source are experienced in developing business plans for nursing businesses. In this source, they discuss evidence-based business planning that is important in nursing and offer an important contribution to nursing. The audience intended by the

Pricing Strategies of Indian Initial Public Offering Essay

Pricing Strategies of Indian Initial Public Offering - Essay Example The costs of undertaking an IPO are very large and as such companies prefer using another method herein referred to as private placements. This is partly because the costs of a placing are far lower than an offer for sale, and partly it is because in 1996 the Stock Exchange scrapped its rule requiring that new issues worth more than  £50m should offer a proportion to the public(Global-Investor 2008). With the introduction of the book-building process, and the scrapping of the concept of par value for shares, the pricing process has become more open. It is now possible to follow the fixed price route or the book-building route for an issue. In case of the book-building process, the price is not fixed, but a price band is suggested. The investors can bid for any price between the cap and the floor, and the quantum of subscription. One of the lead managers will work as the book-runner. The final issue price is determined as the cut-off, at which the issue is fully subscribed. The book -building could be used for 75% of the issue, which could be subscribed by institutions and high net worth individuals, and the balance 25% could be issued to individual investors as a fixed price issue, the price being the cut-off determined via book-building. It is also possible to have 100% book-built issues, where the individual investors also take part in the book-building process. The book-building process can be completely automated (online) using the systems of the stock exchanges. This process is known as e-IPO. The price band at present is 20% i.e. the cap could only be 20% higher than the floor. The price band could be revised during the bidding period, to a maximum of 20% on either side. The public issue should be open for a minimum of five days, and a maximum of ten days. The post-issue promoter holding should be at least 20%, whereas earlier it was 50% in the case of premium issues. If the price band is revised, the bidding period

Heritage assessment Essay Example for Free

Heritage assessment Essay Kizlik [2014] argues that the purpose of a learning objective is to communicate, and that a well-constructed behavioral learning objective should have little room for doubt about what is intended. Health professionals in designing educational programs to engage both patients as well as families, should be able to taper the task or objective to the specific patient and their family; for them to be able to explain what you taught them and for them to be able to demonstrate it. On the Euromed Info website, on Developing Learning Objectives. Retrieved from http://www.euromedinfo.eu/developing-learning-objectives.html/ [n.d.] state that â€Å"a simple and practical way of developing learning objectives is to start with the words, WHO, DOES WHAT, HOW and WHEN.† For the purpose of this exercise the learning objective will be for the patient and the family to be able to change an ostomy bag in a patient with a newly formed colostomy. It is important to find out from the patient and the family which learning styles work for them, example whether reading of pamphlets, one on one teaching or visual aids. Also the condition or ability of the patient to perform the task, e.g. is the patient strong and well enough to perform the task or are they too weak from being ill. In using the learning objectives cited above, WHO- will be the patient and family DOES- list the components needed WHAT-changing a stoma bag HOW – by performing task or stating how to WHEN- by discharge The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations [JCAHO] as cited on the Euromed Info website on Family Structure and Style, retrieved from [http://www.euromedinfo.eu/family-structure-and-style.html/] defines the family as â€Å"the person or persons who play a significant role in the individual’s life including persons not legally related to the individual. â€Å"How a family functions influences the health of its members as well as how the individual reacts to illness† retrieved from http://www.euromedinfo.eu/family-structure-and-style.html . In the light of this , having the family understand the rationale behind the treatment and steps on how to help the patient change this stoma bag will assist the  patient to be more confident in changing their stoma bag and also in dealing and coping with this new health change. REFERENCES http://www.adprima.com/objectives.htm http://www.euromedinfo.eu/developing-learning-objectives.html/ http://www.euromedinfo.eu/family-structure-and-style.htm

The Assignment Of The Mcdonalds Business Commerce Essay

The Assignment Of The Mcdonalds Business Commerce Essay This assignment based upon a company McDonalds. In todays economic competitive environment business go through structural and occupational changes, some are for the better and other for the worse. In with contract of managing change of McDonalds i am going to discuss history and background of the organisation ,the changes that are being affected by todays economy, swot analysis , pest analysis, comparison of the alternative from of the organisational development, an investigation and evolution of purposed changes, adaptation of appropriate modal for recommended changes and planning of implementation of processes and possible changes. Mcdonalds one of the largest fast food restaurant in all over the world, serving the best food every day. It was 1940 when two brother bother Dick and Mac started their first McDonalds restaurant in California, basically it was a BBQ restaurant. In 1948 they introduced the concept of speedee service system which was the step toward establishment towards the fast food restaurants. Till 1958 ther were 34 restaurants and afterword in late 1959 Kroc had opened 67 new restaurants total of 101. They indroduced world famous Golden arches logo in 1962. In 1961 McDonalds was the number one fast food chain of the country. In 1965 went through publiclization, afterward McDonald opened 1000t restaurants. In 1975 McDonald introduce its first drive. In 1983 McDonald was the second largest retailer of the chicken in the world in 1987 McDonald has opened 600 new restaurants. In 1967 the first foreign restaurant in the British Columbia ,Canada. By 1990 McDonald company had opened more than 3600 in more than 58 countries all over the world some of them were franchised agreements, some wholly owned subsidiaries and some at join venture.and the countries were Great Britain, japan, Canada, Germany, France and Australia. Hapburger university was opened by the corporation in Tokyo in 1971 and in Munich in 1975 and in London in 1982. Most of the growth came outside from the USA and the number of the stores increased from 3600 to 1100 restaurants from 1991 to 1998 and the number of the countries went doubled from 59 to 114 in the late 1998 in all over the world including middle east and some parts of the Asia. In th e urab countries for the restaurant chain they had introduce HAla menu, which is the according to the Islamic rule of preparation of the food. In 1996 they introduced McDonald in the Indian market. In 2004 McDonald had continued ppening new stores and took great consentration at the existing business. The number of stores incteased from 30496 to 32478 from 2004 to 2009. Changes at mcdonalds: Every management system within the organization want to maintain its strength, capability and competencies. Changes most of the time plays the key role in the development of the organisation toward the fulfilment of organisational future goal. It is very important for every single individual of any organisation to be prepare their minds for any upcoming change that are necessary for the future development of that particular organisation. Most of the changes are easily adoptable because of the latest technology. Most of the time changes makes the tasks to be done very easier , to make the life easy. For many organisations managing the change is consider a primary activity in deeply understanding the future objectives and goals for any organisation and even the implementation is consider physical step for the employment of an invention. The awareness of any part within the organisation for the improvement is consider the first step even in the change process. In the case of McDonalds c orporation lots of changes had happened in terms of business management, business strategy, business competition and in term of product and services. Some of the changes are as follows. 1937 Patrick McDonald had opened hamburger stand in California 1940 two brothers Dick and Mac had opened McDonald as BBQ restaurant 1948 introduction of speedee service system 1953 McDonalds first franchisee with Neil 1954 the introduction of entrepreneur and milkshake mix by Ray Kron 1955 introduction of grillman in the store 1958 the sale of 100 millionth hamburgers 1959 beginning of billboard advertisement 1960 company become the McDonalds corporation 1961 Dick and Mac had sell business rights and the opening of hamburger university 1962 the ad in national magazine and introduction of first setting restaurant 1963 500 restaurants were opened 1968 introduction of big Mac 1971 first Asian restaurant in japan 1973 introduction of egg Mc Muffin 1974 McDonalds corporation had opened 3000th restaurant in Woolwich south east London 1976 first cash division 1977 addition of breakfast menu in US 1978 5000th McDonalds restaurant in Japan and the graduation of 15000 students from the hamburger university 1979 the introduction of the happy meal in McDonalds menu 1980 addition in the menu with chicken Mc Nuggets 1984 the main sponsor of summer Olympics 1992 the worlds largest McDonald restaurant in chaina after word in Africa. Saudi Arabia 1996 the first Indian McDonald restaurant in India 1997 Mc Furry by Canadian franchisee 2000 publication of the fast food nation and the opening of the 1000th British restaurants 2002 15th rank in food quality among the hamburger chain 2003 3% fallen in shares in past 5 years 2004 super size option 2006 nutritional information at packaging for all products 2007 42-ounce super size suda 2008 chichen biscuit 2009 three versions of the Angus burger SWOT analysis: Strenth: McDonald had the great history and the achievement throughout its long experience period. Almost 67000 managers were promoted every year from the team members and McDonald is investing $ 1 billion in training employees every years 2008 no.1 food service company in fortune magazine Worlds most famous logos Community oriented and socially responsible organization contributing in care mobile programs in medical and in education of the children and sponsor of the Olympics athlets Multinational corporation operating more than 119 countries all over the world having more than 32000 restaurants Flexible culture adopted organization Excellent food preparation style and food safety Weakness: Failure of competing with fast food pizza chain Expenditure of the more money on training due to high turnover of employees Capitalization to organic food Negative impact between investors relationship due to decreasing ratio Opportunity: It is the great opportunity for the McDonald the introduction of healthy hamburger and it would be the first fast food to sell low fat low calorie hamburger with alternatives with FDA approval McDonald had the opportunity to provide more upscale setting style instead of industrial Formica restaurant setting like they are providing in new York to capture more market share They should add more value box meal in their menu in wide range of verities Breakfast menu, chicken, beverage and other convenience categories like special coffees etc are not only became the reason of the increase the sale in recession period but also is the reason in increase the number of the customers visting the restaurants Threat: Due to cradle to grave marketing they had created negative and criticized impression toward some of the parents of the children especially from some of the advocate parents which they thought is marginally ethical Many times in the past they had sued due to unhealthy food containing additive additives There is a documentary conducted by Michael Sulock super size me in 2004 in which he went through McDonald diet for one month and got cirihosis of the lever.as the result from the documentary McDonald had to remove the super size option from their dive thru window Food supply contamination There is a huge competition among the competitors like burger king, starbucks, taco bell, KFC and Wendys PEST analysis: Political factor: The new governent of UK has recently increased the taxes due to this increment cost of the raw material as well has increased. Most of the trading policies employment lows taxation corporation and the customers are in the favour of McDonald corporation and the companys revenue is also going up as compare to past. Economic factor: In 2009 McDonald had generated the revenue $22.7 billions where the operating profit was $6.8 billion and from the past five years the annual increment is 4.9% while the interest rates are increased and the inflation is going down day by day. The economic growth is going up exchange rates are as well increased and in the business life cycle McDonald is at the maturity level. Technological factor: At this stage of competitor technological environment for the company success full operations technology is the key element because the company needs latest machines and other equipment to provide good and fast customer service satisfaction. Being a worlds no.1 and leading brand for the food service retailer company must need to consider the latest technology for the preparation and serving the food in more efficient way in challenging environment. UK government is spending more at research. Social factor: McDonald is well known brand all over the world and McDonald corporation is very conscious health safety and welfare point of view. In every country they had divided their marketing strategy demographically according to the related culture of that particular region. It differs according to challenging changing life style of different regions of the world. Like m the menu in term of taste and spice is totally different in UK as compare to Asia especially in India. A comparison of the alternative form of the organization development: Every organisation will have to undergo development and changes over the time McDonald had undergo through several changes in the past like in employees related matters in products and srevises vs the current changes or the proposed changes. Now a days the new marketing complain of the McDonald is to adopt the new health conscious sub image that would be the according to latest health awareness trend and the target market would be the children. The main goal of this proposed change is to introduce a new sprate low fat menu for the children. McDonald is aware this kind of strategy will give the awareness to consumers the importance of the health to both parents and children about the nutritional value of the meal and this marketing will introduce new McDonald to public. In order to implement this invention company need a particular departmental tasks to handle the necessary matters related to particular change. It is proved that the changes leve the different conflict before during an d after the implementation. Thus it is the responsibility of the manager to have the ability to understand what need to be changed but also have the effective knowledge to introduce the change. In this situation the resistance can be occur thus might be some employees or customer are in the favour or against the purposed change. If we compare different companies that are the competitors of the McDonald everyone is in huge competition and everyone is adopting the necessary changes tocapture the market share and to fullfill its future organisational goal. http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/04/corporate-leadership-and-change-management.html Stakeholder analysis : Stakeholder are the groups or individuals who have direct or indirect impact upon the organisation. Each stake holder has different interest upon the organisation depending upon his status in that particular organisation one of the McDonald stakeholders is the employees because any change occur in the organisation it directly effect the employees because they want to be the business success full. Other stakeholders are the government ,suppliers, social societies ,NGOs , managers , shareholders , distributer and the local community. Any occurring change in the McDonald corporation leaves the direct effect upon the stakeholders. Change is necessary for the development of the organisation as it is playing in a competitive environment and business as well treat each stakeholder in different way because the business want to do anything they can do in order to win their arguments. Overall we can say most important stakeholder of the McDonald is its valuable customers any change in the corp oration in term of menu in term of product , price ,place and promotion will directly affect them. Customers are the key elements of the business they bring the money to the company and without them the business will be unsuccessful and the company will lose their reputation and soon will have to close down. Effective communication is also plays a valuable role between the stakeholders. To implent the valuable in the organisation effective communication is necessary to understand the proposed changes and to implement it efficiently and effectively. And there should be the feedback and feed forward system. To bring a change there should be alternative course of action for a valid proposed change in the organisation and they should use appropriate control mechanism and the established budget system for the organisation and its stakeholders to implement efficient and effective change in the organisation. An investigation and evaluation of proposed changes: Change is constant and especially in the field of fast food every day people want to taste something new something different from the past that is the big reason why the change is needed in the chosen organisation. McDonald is inverting lots of the money at the reaserch every year to indroduce more healthy and nutritional food to its valuable customers the company is proposing the following changes New products with delicious taste and valuable customer satisfaction New look and image in the customer mind New soft policies and procedures for the stakeholders Locations and logistics New business strategies A senior McDonalds executive said that recent changes to the fast food chains menu were prompted not by a desire to appear socially responsible but by customer demand. The scope of the change in the implementation of the integrated marketing communication (IMC) As the part of the marketing strategy. The main purpose of this change is the promotional compain about the advertisement of the McDonald corporation. Normally these task are to be done by the open sponsorship of offering the products and services and those are all done by using different kind of promotional channels (media) that are use for the promotional compains and advertising. the main focus of this change is on advertising and sale promotion and this change will direct effect to IMC as the part of the marketing strategy of the McDonald. http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=2043 7-S model of change: There are various school of thoughts developed over the years in order to establish the organisation successfully effect the change. 7-S model is the systematic management tool that is design to examine the organizational structure. In this seven key areas of the organization are discussed and their key elements and their internal relationship as well. These 7 are als divided in two categories hard and soft elements. Hard element: Strategy Structure System Soft elements Shared values, skills, style and staff Strategy: In the changing environment the main strategy of the McDonald is the proper rote map planning to attain the competitive advantage and the main aim to capture the more market share by providing then healthy nutritional food at competitive price with efficient service system. Structure: The hierarchy of the McDonald is from top down management any proposed change and its implementation is start from the top level management to the lower level management passing through the middle level. This is the positive point for the McDonald. System: McDonald Corporation is a system within the system every single task and the proposed change is performed in a systematic way. There could be one change that will help the organization to achieve its goal that is the processing system for the preparation of the food and the delivery system need to be simplified in The day to day processes and procedure throughout the company. Shared value: There is strong need of the change in the share value in the McDonald for the effective communication and involvement of each single individual in the organization in order to discuss the core value of the compamy. Style: This is the soft element of the organization as will depend upon which management style the organization style the management the organization is having is either the leadership style or any other one. McDonald corporation have the leadership management style in which any proposed change is discussed inefficient way. Staff: McDonald consider its employees as the to success the business it is taking in consideration their employees and their board abilities regarding the future change. Skills: Skill and compitencies of the employees are consider the soft element for the organisation. McDonald is paying deep intension and investing huge amount of money at training of its employees for providing even batter products to their customers in efficient way to get the require stasfaction from the customers and to full fill the company,s goal. http://www.lmcuk.com/management-tool/the-7-s-model-for-organisational-change kotters 8- step model change: the author of this model is consider guru in leadership and change management, he is the professor at Harvard business school and has introduced eight steps in the change process in his book 1995 Leading change Create urgency The change will happen successfully if every single individual in the organization (whole organization) or out side really want that change . to get the motivational step towards the things to move it is necessary to devepol the sense of urgency needed for that change. For that purpose the McDonald need to identify the potential threat and to do the future forecast. Than have the look at available opportunities. McDonald need to start the honest discussion so that the people can think and talk about that particular change and request for the feedback from all the stakeholders. Form a power full coalition: It is necessary to convince the people about the necessary change for the favourable leadership from the key persons for that McDonald need to identify the true leaders in the organization as for the emotional commitment building the team within its change in coalition and the most important thing is the availability of the staff in different departments at each level of the management require to perform particular task. create the vision for the change: a clear vision will help everyone to understand why when and where these changes these changes need to be done. It describes the value that are the reason for the change. McDonald need to adopt the short summery of the future forecast of the organization and to execute the vision. Communicate the vision Communication plays the key role in the success of the organisation. In McDonald corporation for the proposed changes day to day communication is necessary to discuss the change in the vision and need to tie everything back to vision. 5-Remove the abstracts: Resistance in the change is as well constant in some how. The organization need to identify is there any resistance in the proposed changes for that purpose McDonald need to hire the change leader who plays the main role in developing the change and need to look in the structure of the change and description of the job, establishing reward and remove the business quickly. 6-Create the short terms-win McDonald need to create short term target so that each single targeted change can be achieve easily and need to choose early target that are less expensive and reware the people to help to achieve the targeted goal. 7- build on the change. Quick wins are just the beginning and are lead toward the fulfilment of the main goal of the organization. Every organisation need to consider ever small win in which what they have done and what the improvements are needed. Always keep the idea fresh discuss with the agents and the leaders for the coalition. 8- Anchor the change in corporation culture: Finally for any change stick it should be the part of the organization for this purpose every thing must shown in day to day work sheet. McDonald need to discuss the change ideas and the value when hiring and training new staff and there should be the alternative of replacement of key leaders as the more on and this will be legacy and is not forggtten. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_82.htm Therefore, it is concluded that, changes of management is not bad as long as the changes made can really enhance the competitiveness and strength of an organisation.   It is effective, if and only if, a thorough investigation and evaluation of the organizations performance has made. And if the study suggests that there is a need for change, then that is the only time, the organisation should imposed required changes to be done. Because, change of management system is very critical or crucial, one wrong move, the company, might faced its biggest downturn instead of strengthen and expand its business portfolio and survive to the stiff competition in the business arena. It is recommended that McDonald must see to it that the changes are well planned and implemented carefully, because these will the basis for the success and/or failure of any organisation.

Meaninglessness Glory in Wilfred Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay

Meaninglessness Glory in Wilfred Owen's Dulce Et Decorum Est It is sweet and proper to die for one’s country. Sweet! And decorous! If in some smothering dreams you too could pace behind that wagon, my friend, you would not tell with such high zest to children ardent for some desperate glory that old lie†¦. Wilfred Owen titles his poem the Latin translation of what he refers to as â€Å"The old Lie† (Dulce Et Decorum Est), and sets out to disprove it. Using poetry and imagery as his primary tools, Owen recalls the death of his friend in disturbing detail, displaying the meaninglessness of the ordeal. Owen attempts to deny the glory that many believe is to be had through dying in war. Instead of a more traditional argument, however, Owen opts for poetry. In his poem, he tells the tale of soldiers struggling. The struggling turns to anguish once gas is unleashed upon them, preying on one man who was not quick enough to put on his helmet in time. â€Å"Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.† They quickly put him in a wagon an...

The Screwtape Letters - Types of Love Essay -- Religion, C.S. Lewis

While attending Oxford University, C.S. Lewis went from being an atheist to a renowned Christian. Lewis touched a vast audience with his numerous books (around thirty or more) including The Screwtape Letters, Mere Christianity, and The Four Loves. He brought fantasy and entertainment into his writing along with slight to thunderous bits of theology woven through his stories and books. This made Lewis one of the most influential Christian writers of the 20th century. One of the better known books from C.S. Lewis is The Screwtape Letters. The Screwtape Letters is a fiction book comprised of thirty-one letters from Screwtape, a senior tempter and head in a department in Hell, to his nephew who is a novice tempter Wormwood. These letters are detailed instructions on how to cause Wormwood’s patient to fall from the Christian life. Screwtape, in all his devilish wisdom, pin points certain tribulations that all humans face and gives a devil-sided view to the human responses. The book is fiction, yet can be studied because of the spiritual lessons that are inversely taught throughout the letters. In The Screwtape Letters, C.S. Lewis addresses a position on love that is seldom heard, yet universally felt. Screwtape makes a very clear distinction between his ideal of love and true love. If we take what Screwtape thinks love is, and reverse the teaching completely, all that is left is the love that God approves of. The purest and most sought after love is God’s. Love has been divided by C.S. Lewis into five ways. One way, taught in The Screwtape Letters is â€Å"being in love†. The other four ways is taught through The Four Loves: Affection, friendship (philia), romantic love (eros), and Agape love. Understanding the difference between the lo... ...coffin of your selfishness. But in that casket—safe, dark, motionless, airless—it will change. It will not be broken; it will become unbreakable, impenetrable, and irredeemable. The alternative to tragedy, or at least to the risk of tragedy, is damnation. The only place outside Heaven where you can be perfectly safe from all the dangers and perturbations of love is Hell. (6) Works Cited Collins, Harper. "C.S. Lewis Classics". Harper Collins Publishers. March 10, 2010 . Lahti, David. "Lewis, C. S. The Four Loves ". 11 March 2010 . Lewis, C.S,. The Screwtape Letters. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996. Rayment, W.J.. "Synopsis of the Screwtape Letters". Bible Study Resource Center. March 10, 2010 . The Screwtape Letters - Types of Love Essay -- Religion, C.S. Lewis While attending Oxford University, C.S. Lewis went from being an atheist to a renowned Christian. Lewis touched a vast audience with his numerous books (around thirty or more) including The Screwtape Letters, Mere Christianity, and The Four Loves. He brought fantasy and entertainment into his writing along with slight to thunderous bits of theology woven through his stories and books. This made Lewis one of the most influential Christian writers of the 20th century. One of the better known books from C.S. Lewis is The Screwtape Letters. The Screwtape Letters is a fiction book comprised of thirty-one letters from Screwtape, a senior tempter and head in a department in Hell, to his nephew who is a novice tempter Wormwood. These letters are detailed instructions on how to cause Wormwood’s patient to fall from the Christian life. Screwtape, in all his devilish wisdom, pin points certain tribulations that all humans face and gives a devil-sided view to the human responses. The book is fiction, yet can be studied because of the spiritual lessons that are inversely taught throughout the letters. In The Screwtape Letters, C.S. Lewis addresses a position on love that is seldom heard, yet universally felt. Screwtape makes a very clear distinction between his ideal of love and true love. If we take what Screwtape thinks love is, and reverse the teaching completely, all that is left is the love that God approves of. The purest and most sought after love is God’s. Love has been divided by C.S. Lewis into five ways. One way, taught in The Screwtape Letters is â€Å"being in love†. The other four ways is taught through The Four Loves: Affection, friendship (philia), romantic love (eros), and Agape love. Understanding the difference between the lo... ...coffin of your selfishness. But in that casket—safe, dark, motionless, airless—it will change. It will not be broken; it will become unbreakable, impenetrable, and irredeemable. The alternative to tragedy, or at least to the risk of tragedy, is damnation. The only place outside Heaven where you can be perfectly safe from all the dangers and perturbations of love is Hell. (6) Works Cited Collins, Harper. "C.S. Lewis Classics". Harper Collins Publishers. March 10, 2010 . Lahti, David. "Lewis, C. S. The Four Loves ". 11 March 2010 . Lewis, C.S,. The Screwtape Letters. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996. Rayment, W.J.. "Synopsis of the Screwtape Letters". Bible Study Resource Center. March 10, 2010 .

Leadership and Organizational Culture Essay -- Leadership Theory, Powe

House et al. (2007) discovers that leadership and Organisational culture are closely linked together as leaders influence the culture of their organisations. Researches talk about a range of leadership definitions but it is not easy to define. (E.g. Western, 2008; Yukl, 2010). However, Cohen (2009) critically analyses definitions from Dracker (1996), Eisenhower (1969), Northouse (2004) and finally summarised the definition of leadership constitutes five elements. First of all, ask question to set direction, which means effective leaders need to listen to followers’ voice respectfully and then share the common goals and ideas with them. In addition, leaders need to seek insights and allocate resources optimally; act ethically; allow their employees to work in a conformable and most effective way. This essay will explain different leadership styles and how they influence the organisations with examples of organisations and leaders with main focus on well-known entrepreneur: Sir Alan Sugar. He grows from nothing to incredible success ( £ 730 million), is a legend in the UK business history; his reality TV show â€Å"The Apprentice†, a great entertainment for recruitment appeals to the public without reasons. However, he as a person is controversial amongst people, probably due to his leadership style as bullying or harassment (destructive). There are four schools of leadership styles: Trait, behavioural, contingency and transformational. Nevertheless, in the case of Alan Sugar, trait and transactional styles match him which will be illustrated following in detail. As Yukl (2010) indicates, such factors (e.g. personality, values and capacities) attributed to a leader. Normally it is widespread acknowledged that someone is born to be a lead... ...l man who enables others to think and do in his way (role model) and his employees work him for unconditional loyalty (e.g. his PA), also, adopt a fair system of rewards and punishments; however, as a leader sometimes he just needs some transformational styles which respect and communicate with followers equally rather than forced them to shut up rudely. As for organizational culture, the article obtains further understanding that some factors attribute to detect cultures existed in an organisation, communication system, for example. As a result, it can be identified that his culture not only can be classified as power but task. Moreover, due to the changeable outside environment, compounded and flexible cultures seems to be a better way for an organisation’s sustainable development. Therefore, leadership is tightly related to organizational culture.

Government Intervention Essay

The American government is practically in our everyday lives, including our private lives. The government is basically everything we do. It is the way we work, the reason why we look for a career, the way we eat or drink to conclude, the way we live. Sometimes it is a problem for most citizens but some other times, it is the real reason why they live better and maintain everything they have. The government is the people; it is education, entertainment, peace but can be completely different at certain periods of time. As a prevention from too much government intervention, the people of America have a representative dating since 1773,called the Tea Party Movement. This movement wants the government to stick to the real meaning and intent of the United States Constitution, meaning that the government should not use such law as the Elastic clause. The Tea Party Movement would also like to see the government reducing its speding, lower taxes and reducing the national debt and federal budget deficit. This means in one phrase, relief to the people. And yet, doing so would require more government intervention in our lives. The Tea Party is like the real representative of the people, because it would like to see the government accomplishing everything the people request, which is mostly impossible because to maintain the law, the government has to follow the Constitution. Yet again, some of the government’s interventions are necessary for us, like the famous healthcare and health insurances, the social securities, the military and even the food we eat. The Party thinks we should be left alone to use, organize and regulate our businesses, schools and other utilities. Therefore taking care of our own taxes and national debt. The Party thinks that the government goes too far with the taxation, national spending, and maintenance of public facilities. But surprisingly, it doesn’t disagree with the government totally. It is against the Abortion law in most Sates along with the government. It believes that no fetus should be removed prior to labor term and even if there is a situation of rape-pregnancy, it still believes that the victim hould carry the fetus until the end of the term. But for mostly everything else, the Tea Party Movement and the government still disagree with each other. The Tea Party Movement members believe that the government intervenes too much in the people’s business but yet, not intervening would probably hurt them and they would get mad at the government. 1) â€Å"In reading your article about the Tea Party movement, it is difficult to determine where the party stands on issues. Its members seem to want a strong military, but don’t want to finance it; they don’t like social programs like Medicare, but readily accept their Medicare benefits; they don’t like the federal bailout of our financial markets, but would be angry if the government did nothing and their investments and retirements went down the drain; they want strong border controls, but again don’t want to pay for it. Their thinking is chaotic and dangerous because if we do what they want they are going to be unhappy with the consequences. They are a mass of contradictions. Which explains in one simple sentence that, sometimes the Party exaggerates about what they want or not. The government’s intervention, seen from my point of view is highly necessary for us living under its control. And when I say â€Å"necessary†, I mean in some fields. Let’s state for example, sanitation. The citizens themselves can not really maintain a clean city, therefore we would need the government’s assistance but sometimes, the city governments probably think that they have bigger fish to fry instead of cleaning the streets. Lately, we have been seeing the streets so covered with snow, that they become ice right there. Why? Just because our representative decided that there were too many jobs out there so he cut all of these jobs where people would have to clean the streets from the imprisoning snow. This is a fact of minor intervention in a field where it is necessary. The government should be more active in that field because when it does not give the citizens that kind of help which is necessary to them, it mostly turns against them. As a result of the snow accumulation, you will have accidents, lateness, and people will get a bad perspective of the government. A quick and easy solution would only consist of creating fast and easy jobs where you would have people responsible of cleaning the streets from the snow and would also be very useful to their community and state. This field requires government’s intervention but sometimes, the citizens might pass of its need and you can always have the garbage ollectors to do that but it still is not their responsibility. The next field requires more government intervention than that last one except that it is mostly better taken care of. Nowadays, education is very important. And it has very expanded from how it was two decades ago. This is what Milton Friedman has to say about the government’s intervention in this field and its successful results. 2) â€Å"Education is today largely paid for and almost entirely administered by governmental bodies or non-profit institutions. This situation has developed gradually and is now taken so much for granted that little explicit attention is any longer directed to the reasons for the special treatment of education even in countries that are predominantly free enterprise in organization and philosophy. The result has been an indiscriminate extension of governmental responsibility. † These intelligent details about the new education system explains how education is getting easier to access and how the government plays a big role in its development. Education is so important and necessary that it is mostly paid for by the government itself. Which explains that the government’s intervention in this field is both very necessary and satisfied. From kindergarten to senior year in high school, the government pays millions for one’s education and after that, depending on your parents’ financial status, they will help you pay for college or even pay it for you. This is an example of when the government’s intervention is necessary and satisfying. The government’s intervention is enough in this field because it helps people to get an education which is going to be useful to both the country and the individual. By doing so, the American government gets a better perspective from foreigners and from its own citizens. This kind of resource will always be useful to the country. I believe the government should intervene more in the sanitation field, given the fact that the citizens can not accomplish some actions by themselves. I believe the government should have more workers in the sanitation field because it is necessary to have people cleaning the streets. By doing so, it would be a great advantage for both the state government and its citizens. Reducing by doing so, the multiple incidents and disagreements that would have happen if there were nobody to clean the streets and make it easier for people to circulate in the city. That would give more people an opportunity to pay their bills, put bread on their table, and stay out of trouble also. I think that the government’s intervention in the education field is great, not too much not too less. I am grateful to the fact that the government has to pay for my education given the fact that I would not be capable to pay for it myself. The government pays for education, feed the students and even give them a warm place to be in all day. I personally do not see what else the government could do for its students while giving them this great opportunity of learning something that can be useful for them later in life and giving them a way to put money in their pocket. The government intervention is great in this field and I think it should maintain the status quo until they find a better way to improve the way they educate and instruct the American population, which is by the way very weak compared to some poor countries.

Travelling Essay

As for me I prefer to learn about the world travelling.Millions people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. It's always interesting to discover new things and different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different music.Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City residents usually like a quiet holiday by the sea and in the mountains with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lay in the sun.Most travelers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interest them – the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests, different kinds of t rees, flowers and plants, animals and birds. Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they had.People travel by train, by plane, by ship or boat and by car. All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one according to their plans and preferences. The fasters way of travelling – is travelling by plane, but in my opinion the most comfortable is travelling by ship and the cheapest is travelling on foot.If we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to travel and the best way to get to know and understand the people is to meet them in their own homes.Nowadays people mostly travel by air, as it's the fastest means of  travelling. Passengers are requested to arrive at the airport 2 hours before departure time on international fligh ts and an hour on domestic flights, as there must be enough time to complete the necessary airport formalities. Before passengers get on board the plane, they have to register their luggage. Each passenger is given a boarding pass to be shown at the departure gate and again to the stewardess when boarding the plane.Landing formalities and custom regulations are more or less the same in all countries: while still on board the plane the passengers are given arrival cards to fill in. After the passengers have disembarked, officials will check his passport and visa. Then the passengers go to the custom for an examination of their luggage. As a rule personal belongings may be brought in duty-free. In some cases the custom inspector may ask you to open your bag for inspection.As for me, I prefer to travel by plane. And now I would like to tell you about my first travelling by plane. It was in 1998 when I travelled to Italy. I travelled without parents, but with guide and other children. I don't remember exactly how much time it took to fly from Minsk to Venice, but I think it must be about 2 or 3 hours.During the flight I communicated with my neighbours, I admired the view from my window and slept a bit. When we are were landing in Venice I looked out of my window and saw the entire city at my hand. It isn't true, that there is no one road in Venice, but only water channels. I can say that only the third part of the city is covered with water. Then the plain landed. So, it was my first travelling by plane.And in the end I'll say that traveling is a nice hobby and a great thing if you want to know more about the world and certainly if you are studying a foreign language.

Meeting Learning Needs Case Study

Meeting Learning Needs: Case Study In this rationale I intend to discuss â€Å"Why we do what we do† when it comes to Inclusion and Special Educational Needs (SEN). This will be a case study of a pupil with SEN attending the school in which I work. It will first outline the nature of the pupils Special Educational Needs and then critically examine how these needs are being met. The role of multi-agency approaches in providing support to the pupil and parental involvement will also be analysed. All children, wherever they are educated, need to be able to learn, play and develop alongside each other within their local community of schools† (Dfes 2004 p5), going further to state that â€Å"inclusion is about much more than the type of school that children attend: it is about the quality of their experience; how they are helped to learn, achieve and participate fully in the life of the school† (p25). http://sen. ttrb. ac. uk/ViewArticle2. aspx? ContentId=15915 (Access ed on 20/01/11) The case study I carried out was on Billy who is 9 years old, Billy was diagnosed with Autism at the aged 4 shortly after he started mainstream school in reception. Autism is a type of disability. There are many people with autism in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 1 out of every 100 people has autism. You cannot always tell that someone has autism just by looking at them. Autism lasts for all of a person's life. But they can still do a lot of things and learn a lot of skills. The three main areas of difficulty which all people with autism share are sometimes known as the ‘triad of impairments' which are Social Communication, Social Interaction and Social Imagination. The triad of impairments is the term that describes the difficulties that people with autism experience in differing degrees. Because all people are different, the way autism affects them is also different. To enable the setting to remove Billy’s barriers to learning we firstly arranged a meeting at his home with him and his parents and the Special Needs Coordinator (SENCo). At the meeting we discussed Billy’s learning and personal needs, at first we concentrated on Billy’s routine at home enabling us to see how he dealt with everyday issues. It is vital that we alleviate confusion and give Billy a sense of security. This will be done by preparing Billy whenever possible if his routine is going to be broken, someone will talk him through what is going to happen. We also intend to invite Billy into the setting to meet his new teacher, and will be providing him with photographs of the settings and his support workers to facilitate him in familiarise himself with his new setting. We have taken photographs to allow us to personalise the learning spaces with pictorial sequences, rule reminders, schedules and labels. A space in the classroom will be made available for Billy to work with his one-to-one support and peers where possible. By using these strategies Billy’s learning can be structured to support his need for routine. ‘Being clear and consistent is supportive to all learners in the classroom but will be essential for the child with an autistic spectrum disorder’ G, Knowles, Supporting Inclusive Practice (p. 16) I feel that it is very important that all children have the right to be included in mainstream school and where possible they should be able to meet there learning needs and the targets set in the National Curriculum. One of the fundamental principles of the Special Education Needs Code of Practice is ‘the needs of children and young people with Special Educational Needs are identified and assessed quickly and matched by appropriate provision’ (Department for Education and Skills, 2001 p. 9). I believe that it should be a collaboration between the teachers, the parents of the child and the child themselves who decides whether they would benefit from being in mainstream school or not. Extensive research studies have been undertaken to determine the effectiveness of integrating and including students with severe disabilities. Tornillo (1994) feels that, ‘teachers are required to direct inordinate attention to a few, thereby decreasing the amount of time and energy directed toward the rest of the class. Indeed, the range of abilities is just too great for one teacher to adequately teach. Consequently, the mandates for greater academic accountability and achievement are unable to be met’. http://www. sedl. org/change/issues/issues43/concerns. html (accessed on 30/01/11) During my research into Inclusion in mainstream school I found that, some parents of students with more severe disabilities are concerned about the opportunities their children will have to develop basic life skills in a regular classroom setting. They are also cautious about inclusion because of fears that their children will be ridiculed by other students. Its at this point I feel it necessary to state that Inclusion is not about making sure all children are taught the curriculum in the classroom, it is making sure that all individuals be they disabled or non disabled have access to the curriculum, and that learning is facilitated to suit their learning needs. The next step to facilitate Billy’s learning needs is to draw up an Individual Education Plan (IEP). An IEP describes the educational program that has been designed to meet that child's unique needs. ‘An Individual Education Plan is an assessment, planning, teaching and reviewing tool which records specific learning goals, teaching requirements and review arrangements to help a pupil with SEN which are ‘additional to and different from’ those of most pupils, to make progress in key areas of learning’ (Dovestone, Cullingford-Agnew, 2006, p. 23). Each child who receives special education and related services must have an IEP. Each IEP must be designed for one student and must be a truly individualized document. The IEP creates an opportunity for teachers, parents, school administrators, related services personnel, and students (when age appropriate) to work together to improve educational results for children with disabilities. The IEP is the cornerstone of a quality education for each child with a disability. As stated in the SEN Code of Practise (2001) where possible, children and young people with SEN should participate in all the decision-making processes that occur in education including the setting of learning targets and contributing to IEPs, discussions about choice of schools, contributing to the assessment of their needs and to the annual review and transition processes. Following the initial meeting we arranged for Billy and his parents to visit the setting for a day allowing them the opportunity to assess the setting. All areas of the school were made accessible to them so they could see how Inclusion of all students is important too us as a setting. It is essential that Billy’s parents are involved in every stage of Billy’s integration into the setting as stated in the SEN Code of Practice(2001) ‘It is vitally important that schools welcome and encourage parents to participate from the outset and throughout their child’s educational career at the school’. In my setting we encourage parents to come to us with any questions or concerns they may have about there child/children and we persevere to accommodate their needs. It is vitally important for parents to be involved with every stage of their child’s education as Parents are the most important people after the child. ‘They know there child best and know what they want out of the staff and the school. ’ (As stated in my settings Inclusion Policy) It is our responsibility as a setting to ensure that parents are aware of the Partnership with Parents (PwP). PwP aims to ensure that parents are able to play an informed part in any decisions about the educational provision made to meet their child SEN and to build partnerships between parents, the Local Education Authority (LEA) and schools. WORD COUNT 1343 Reference List and Bibliography Department for Education and Skills. (2001). Special Educational Needs Code of Practice. London: DfES. Dovestone, M, Cullingford-Agnew, S. (2006) Becoming a Primary Higher Level Teaching Assistant: Primary Special Educational Needs. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. http://www. sedl. org/change/issues/issues43/concerns. html (accessed on 30/01/11) http://sen. ttrb. ac. uk/ViewArticle2. aspx? ContentId=15915 (accessed on 20/01/11) Knowles, G. (2006) Supporting Inclusive Practise. David Fulton Publishers Ltd. London

Understanding AIDS and the Concept of Collective Effort (AIDS: A Bird’s Eye View)

Over the years, AIDS has been one of the most prevalent health problems worldwide. Various efforts by different organizations is being undertaken in order to arrest the disease’s continuous spread. However, given the complex nature of AIDS the whole world is left with more serious problems, which if not given proper attention and care may aggravate further the safety of the people.For the purpose of this paper, the author aims to discuss the nature of AIDS as a disease. Likewise, it is also the objective of the author to illustrate how the disease understudy can become a serious threat to an individual’s health as well as discuss how the occurrence of AIDS can be prevented if not minimized.What is AIDS?According to various lexicons, AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a health problem caused by a virus commonly known as HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (NIAD, 2005). AIDS is actually considered a result of severe HIV infection. Hence, ot her references regard AIDS as the advance stage of HIV infection (NIAD, 2005).How does an individual acquire AIDS?AIDS and or HIV infection may be acquired by an individual in a number ways. Below are some examples of how AIDS or HIV is transmitted from one individual to another:1.    Blood Transfusion – during those years when techniques to easily detect HIV in the blood of a donor is not yet known, the recipient of the blood donor easily acquires HIV infection due to the transfer of infected blood.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Contaminated needles, syringes, etc.- the use or sharing of medical instruments such as needles and syringes that have been used to extract blood   from an individual with HIV infection also contributes to the spread of the disease.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sexual Intercourse – engaging in unprotected sex can also cause an individual to acquire HIV infection or AIDS. HIV penetrates the lining the vagina, vulva, penis, rectum, or the mouth.4.  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Breast Feeding- Mothers who has the infection can easily transmit the virus to its new born my means of breast feeding.Once HIV enters the body of an individual, it directly attacks the immune system of the human body. The AIDS- causing virus, once it enters the human body, disguises itself as an antibody- producing cell.It continues to attack the immune system until such time that the body can no longer produce an antibody to counter the disguised cells. This is made possible by the failure of the immune system to distinguish an antibody from the virus.Thus causing an HIV infected person to progressively weaken. Some of the symptoms exhibited by a person with HIV infections and or AIDS are as follows (Lecture Notes in Health Science IV):a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Feverb.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Headachec.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lack of energyd.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enlarged lymph nodese.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weight Lossf.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Short-term memory LossAdd ressing AIDS is a Collective EffortTaking into account the nature of HIV and the numerous ways it can be acquired by an individual, it cannot be gainsaid that the only way to prevent if not minimize the occurrence of AIDS-related cases is by means of refraining oneself from engaging in risky activities such as unprotected sex and by always observing proper personal hygiene.Addressing the spread of AIDS is actually a collective effort. It is necessary and imperative for each and every individual to become extra careful with things so as not to further aggravate the continuous spread of AIDS especially that there is no vaccine available in the market yet to readily curtail the spread of this pandemic disease.ReferencesJASMS-PWU. Lecture Notes in Health Science IV (1993).National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. HIV Infection and AIDS. Retrieved February 19, 2007 from the NIAID Website: http://niaid.nih.gov.

Industrial Design History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industrial Design History - Essay Example The chair was made of walnut and leather. In addition, it was stamped and got gilt decoration. The chair was given to Philadelphia Museum of Art as a gift from the Preservation society stationed in Newport County. The chair was part of dining room furniture that was commissioned by George Peabody Wetmore for his home in New Port Rhode Island. The Armchair was designed in 1898 by Gustav Serrurier-Bovy. Gustav Serrurier-Bovy was a Belgian born in 1858. He died in 1910, but created a lot of works during his short life. In 1898, he managed to make an Armchair that was a depiction of the art Nouveau style that existed at that time. Art Nouveau style thrived between 1895 and 1920. The chair also owes much more to the Vernacular style that existed in England around the late nineteenth century. Art Nouveau style had a number of elements. Art Nouveau was characterized by a lot of graceful, sinuous lines. These lines were flowing and rarely angular. Furthermore, the art Nouveau style was also characterized by a lot of violent curves. The rhythmic patterns of the curvey lines were characteristic of the given art style. The curvey lines connected the images in the art to beautiful items, like hardware and furniture. In addition, some elements, like organic subject matter, were included in the style. One would find plenty of vines, flowers, grass, seaweed, insects, leaves, and images of jewelry, architecture, windows and architecture. One can identify Art Nouveau style art and architecture by looking for some elements.

Diabetes WA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diabetes WA - Research Paper Example The 360 degree marketing approaches are important. The DAGMER (Defining Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising Rules) approach tells the effective advertising must be measurable (Altstiel & Grow 2006). However, the marketing are the ongoing process and financial support is very important for these campaigns. Most of the campaigns must reach the target audiences. The basic target audiences are the people who are in the middle age, staying nearby the town and the diabetes WA centers. However, Diabetes can happen to anyone irrespective of their earning capacity and even many time juvenile diabetic patents are also seen. The major concept about the campaigns must be to create a concern about the diabetes within the minds of the diabetic patients. And for the future patients the fear of losing the happy moments with the family must be focused. It means the advertising campaigns must tell the viewers about the importance of him or her being fit and diabetes free. Media Mix: Media is th e most important factor in this case. The media is the platform which can help the campaigns to reach the mass. That is the reason the media mix is very vital. The media mix is basically the combination of the proper Medias which supports the advertising campaign efficiently (Surmanek, 1996). In this case the television and the radio are very important as they reach to the mass in a very efficient way.

Ancient Epic and Tragedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient Epic and Tragedy - Essay Example "Illiad" names him the son of Zeus and Laodamia (the book VI). Sarpedon rises to the top in the attack of Achaean camp (book XII), perishes by hand of Patroclus. Glaucus was in the division of Sarpedon when the Trojans assaulted the Greek wall. Sarpedon addresses to the friend Glaucus in the moment, when the force and enthusiasm of battling people is already on the wane. It is necessary to notice, that the basis of epic friendship is not feelings, but actions, the display of mutual support. Friends in Homeric works - Patroclus and Achilles, Glaucus and Sarpedon - are connected, first of all, by mutual military obligations. They battle side by side, live in one tent, share a table and a bed. In order to encourage the friend and to lift his morale Sarpedon uses some arguments. First of all, he appeals to the feeling of a social duty. The matter is that the belonging to aristocracy imposes some personal obligations. Fruits of heroic honor - the glory - in antique society has not only spiritual, but also material value. It is an honor of possession of certain wealth; it is an honor and respect connected with a high social status.

Photovoltaic cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Photovoltaic cells - Research Paper Example PV cells energy conversion efficiency has now crossed mark of 20 percent. Several companies, universities and research institutions are doing intense research and development work to reduce the cost further so that its economics fare favorably to other competing energy systems. There has been considerable headway in the research and it is quite likely that it will become one of the most prominent technologies among all renewable sources of energy in next 10 years. Being eco friendly, it has the capacity to meet the current and future energy needs of mankind. Introduction Photovoltaic Cell is a technique to generate direct current through solar radiation using semiconductors. The PV cell technology is useful to produce electricity particularly, at the location where grid system is not available. This paper will study the technology, types of photovoltaic cells, current status, its economics, engineering issues, technological advances, future scope and the direction that the industry m ake take. Off-the-Grid Systems Off-the-grid system is useful when electricity demand cannot be met through grid due to its isolated locations. The benefit of the off-the-grid system is that it is self reliant, not dependent on any outside source, using some renewable source of energy such as solar. ... Solar radiation falls on PV cell to energize the electron producing DC current. Inverter converts DC current to AC. Energy is stored in array of batteries. The efficiency of photovoltaic cells is a key parameter to convert solar energy into usable energy. Van Geet home is a typical off-grid system for generating energy based on solar power. It is a remote location near Denver in Colorado. Several renewable-energy features along with energy-conservation measures have been incorporated in this home. The design of this home is studied as an ideal research home. It has photovoltaic based solar power system. The house is said to have achieved 89% energy savings. The system uses 1000-watt amorphous silicon PV with a tracking controller. It surpasses the norms of 70% HVAC and energy savings for Building America research homes. It has been now recognized as a model home and taken for further study and research as energy saving designs in US. (Barley et al 2004) Below mentioned diagram shows a typical off-grid energy system. Source: http://homepower.com/basics/solar/#MainDCDisconnect Mobile homes also use similar PV based energy system to meet their energy needs. Major components in such systems are PV Cells, Charge controller, Battery Bank, and inverter. PV Cells Working of Photovoltaics Solar energy is converted to electricity through photovoltaics. The technology exploits the photoelectric property of certain material that absorbs photons of light to release the electrons. These free electrons cause electric current to flow that can be used for our needs (Knier 2002). PV Cell is a chief component and the heart of such energy systems. More than 50 percent of the cost of the energy system is attributed to PV module. For this reason, the

Forensic-MT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forensic-MT - Essay Example As the U.S. corporate sector reporting is plagued with continuum of frauds and deliberate accounting errors and manipulation and most of these cases are pending in the courts for due decisions. The need for forensic accounting becomes undoubtedly at its peak as accountants and lawyers seek supportive evidence which is rather factual rather than opinion based. The legal proceedings have become lengthy and complex as businesses and transactions are becoming complicated with too much information in terms of the ways they are carried out and information related to them is dispersed and difficult to gather. Forensic accountants or lawyers need to be competent and knowledgeable to identify weaknesses in the reporting system and prepare the factual documentation regarding an issue or a transaction which is being challenged in the court. The role of companies audit committees and external auditors are challenged by plaintiffs including regulatory bodies, stakeholders, creditors and general public in fraud cases. The outcome of this severe criticism was the introduction of the SOX 2002. The SOX requires auditors to carry out their audit engagement responsibilities in accordance to the ‘auditing and related professional standards’ laid out by PCAOB (PCAOB, 2004). Companies hire forensic accountants not only to provide litigation support but also to help them in managing their internal reporting. Auditors are now required to audit management’s assertion on the effective of internal controls over financial reporting (PCAOB, 2007). Information systems are integral part of internal reporting and data should be made accessible to auditors who need to carryout tests to assure the effectiveness of the system and completeness of information managed and generated. Additionally, auditors should acquire written confirmation representation of control

The Gender and the Nature of Enquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Gender and the Nature of Enquiry - Essay Example In this study, two pieces of research into issues in education are used to compare and contrast the approaches used in terms of establishment of a theoretical basis. Backgrounds on the Studies The first study is by Philips (2002, pp. 409-414) who investigated the underrepresentation of women in the engineering profession in the UK. The study identifies the imagery and cultural stereotyping affecting the educational decisions and choices made by girls and young women as being responsible for the issue. The researcher embeds his study in the social construction of gender as her theoretical framework and argues that domination of engineering practice by men results in the field becoming masculine out of societal perceptions. Citing criticism of positivist approaches to social research, the researcher uses a qualitative approach, undertaking an interview-based methodology to achieve inter-objective understanding. The study sampled 15 participants drawn from female engineers already train ing and working in the UK. The second study is by Archer, Halsall and Hollingworth (2007, pp. 165-180) investigating the disengagement from education of inner-city, ethnically diverse working class girls due to their construction of hetero-femininities. The researchers are of the opinion that construction of identity and values based on heterosexual femininities by girls contributes to their disengagement from education and schooling, and address the paradoxes that arise when such hetero-feminist constructions spill over to oppressive power relations. The study itself was qualitative, involving in-depth interviews, focus groups and some photo diaries. It sampled young people across 6 urban London secondary schools aged between 14 and 16. The interviews were undertaken 3-4 times in two years and involved interviews with the staff. Theoretical Frameworks of the Studies Gerring (2001, pp. 8-9) discusses the absolute importance of basing social research on sound theoretical frameworks. Social research without these bases is inconceivable as they provide the guidelines used by scholars to define and refine their studies. They specify interconnected questions and hypotheses that then guide the researcher in establishing his/her study. Philips (2002, p. 410) selects social construction of gender over feminist theories such as standpoint perspective in explaining that the predominance of males in the engineering profession as a main contributory factor to under-representation of females in engineering education and practice. A self perpetuating stereotypical perception is created among people that engineering is a masculine field due to the prominence of men in the engineering practice. The masculine orientation of the field and thus education is maintained by these prevailing social and sexual stereotypes, and confirm the views that science and technology are an essential aspect of masculinity in the modern day. Basing on this theoretical context, the under-represent ation of women in the engineering education is explained by the perceptions of young women that engineering is a masculine field and thus they chose not to study it. It is thus important to break the perception if at all gender balance is to be achieved in the engineering education and practice. In contrast, Archer, Halsall and Hollingworth (2007, p. 167) underpin their study on two